Comparative Numeracy in Statistical Reasoning of Pre-Service Early Childhood Teachers

Dina Apryani; Elce Purwandari; Annisa Yulistia; Rafiq Badjeber; Chika  Rahayu; Maya Adina Pratama

doi:10.24239/koordinat.v7i1.216

Dina Apryani Universitas Lampung
Elce Purwandari Universitas Islam Nusantara Al-Azhaar Lubuklinggau
Annisa Yulistia Universitas Lampung
Rafiq Badjeber UIN Datokarama Palu
Chika Rahayu Universitas Lampung
Maya Adina Pratama Universitas Lampung

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24239/koordinat.v7i1.216

Keywords: Mathematics Education, Numeracy, Pre-Service Early Childhood Teachers, Statistical Reasoning

Abstract

This study aims to analyze differences in statistical reasoning and numeracy skills between two groups of PG-PAUD Study Program students. Using a quantitative comparative approach, all 49 PG-PAUD students enrolled in statistics during the 2025/2026 even semester were included, divided into class A (25 students) and class B (24 students). The second group used IBM SPSS Statistics and the VClass platform for equivalent learning. Data were obtained through a digital-based final semester exam with 25 multiple-choice questions assessing statistical reasoning. Data analysis included normality and homogeneity tests, followed by an independent sample t-test and effect size analysis using Cohen’s d with IBM SPSS Statistics at a significance level of 0.05. Results show no significant difference in numeracy abilities in statistical reasoning between classes (t = 1.295; sig. = 0.201 > 0.05; Cohen's d = 0.37). Although class A had a higher average score (M = 81.28; SD = 13.99) compared to class B (M = 76.00; SD = 14.54), this difference was not statistically significant, and the effect size was small. Indicator analysis highlighted that students excelled most in selection analysis, but scored lower in understanding concepts, interpreting, and drawing conclusions. These findings underscore that while technology-based learning yields comparable statistical reasoning results, there is still room for deeper skill development

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